Almost every second man has prostatitis at different ages. This disease is associated with stagnant processes in the pelvic region, an inflammatory process in the prostate that can be caused by various infections. If the results of the analysis show the presence of pathogens in the secretion of the prostate gland, the doctor diagnoses bacterial prostatitis. Why does the disease develop and how is it treated?
Reasons
The main reason for the development of the disease, as the name implies, is the entry of bacteria into the prostate. The causative agents of the disease may be:
- Intestine and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
- Staphylococcus aureus.
- Enterococcus.
- Klebsiella.
- Enterobacteriaceae.
- Proteus.
- Sexually transmitted infections.
Many pathogenic microorganisms always enter the human body without harm. However, under favorable conditions, the infection begins to actively develop as a cause of the disease. These favorable conditions for bacteria include:
- Diseases of the urinary tract.
- Bacterial infections that develop in the body and can enter the prostate gland through blood or lymphatic fluid.
- Phimosis of the prostate gland.
- Acute epididymitis.
- Urethral catheterization.
- Reflux (intraprostatic or urethroprostatic) when disease-causing organisms enter the prostate.
- Transurethral operations performed without prior antibiotic treatment.
- Urinary incontinence due to abnormal structure of the bladder.
- Conditions associated with decreased immune defense (AIDS, diabetes, hemodialysis procedure).
When bacteria enter the prostate, the pathogenic microflora begins to actively develop and an inflammatory process appears in the body.
Risk factors that increase the likelihood of developing prostatitis are:
- Frequent infectious diseases of the genitourinary system.
- Presence of helminth infections and other parasites.
- Genetic predisposition.
- Incomplete or timely emptying of the bladder.
- Hypothermia.
- Chemical irritation of the urethra.
- Unusual sex life, lack of contraception.
The main causes of the development of inflammation of the prostate gland
- Avoid sexual intercourse for a long time.
- Having bad habits.
- Weakening of immunity.
- Malnutrition.
- Dehydration of the body.
- A sedentary lifestyle that causes stagnant processes in the pelvic region.
- Frequent stressful situations.
Symptoms
It is simply impossible not to see the symptoms of bacterial prostatitis, because this form of the disease begins acutely. The patient is worried:
- Increased body temperature accompanied by a cold.
- Painful sensations in the perineum, lower abdomen and lower back.
- Painful urination. The patient reports severe pain and burning in the urethra, especially at night.
- Difficulty urinating, feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder.
- Constipation is possible due to compression of the anus by an inflamed prostate.
- Signs of intoxication of the body (headache, general weakness of the body, body aches).
- Discharge from the urethra.
The symptoms of the disease also vary depending on the stage of bacterial prostatitis:
- At the onset of the disease, the inflammation does not spread outside the prostate. A person is concerned about pain in the perineum that can spread to the sacral area. Urine is quick and painful.
- In the second stage, the inflammation spreads to the lobules of the prostate gland. In this case, the pain increases and can be given to the anus. Urine is significantly impaired until it is completely absorbed.
- With an advanced form of bacterial prostatitis, the inflammation spreads to all lobes of the prostate. The patient complains of general signs of intoxication of the body. Body temperature rises to 40 degrees. Delay in urination is exacerbated. There are pulsating sensations in the perineum. Constipation often occurs.
Possible complications
Acute bacterial prostatitis can seriously damage a man's health and life if treated in a timely or poor manner. The most dangerous of them is sepsis.
In addition, the infection can spread to the prostate gland and cause pyelonephritis or cystitis.
Bacterial prostatitis is often difficult to treat and can lead to adenoma, infertility, impotence, etc. It can turn into a chronic form that causes complications such as.
Diagnostics
Bacterial prostatitis is very easy to diagnose because of its characteristic symptoms. If the disease is not acute, the doctor will examine the area of the gland and perform a rectal examination, taking a sample of secretions for analysis. The following studies help to make a diagnosis:
- Clinical and bacterial analysis of the patient's blood and urine.
- Prostate ultrasound.
- PSA blood.
- Analysis of epithelial itching from the urethra.
Treatment
The danger of bacterial prostatitis is that it can become chronic as soon as possible. Therefore, it is very important to start treatment at the first signs of the disease. After all, the chronic form of the disease helps the inflammatory process to spread to surrounding tissues and organs. If you ignore the treatment and do not take certain medications, the prostate will completely atrophy.
Antibiotics are prescribed to treat bacterial prostatitis. Only a doctor can prescribe this or that drug after examination and obtaining the results of microbiological tests.
Treatment with antibacterial drugs is considered the most appropriate for the bacterial nature of the disease. Due to the ability of antibiotics to permeate body tissues, the drug can freely penetrate the site of inflammation.
The following antibiotics are prescribed for the treatment of bacterial prostatitis:
- Ampicillins.
- Macrolide drugs are very effective in combating many pathogens of the disease.
- Drugs of the cephalosporin group are effective in the acute phase of the disease.
- Fluoroquinolones are very sensitive to many bacteria. These drugs are prescribed with caution because of the large number of side effects.
- Tetracyclines can be difficult to tolerate, so they are rarely prescribed recently.
The course of treatment with antibiotics should not be less than 10 days.
In addition, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are used for treatment. They effectively relieve inflammation and pain of the prostate.
If urinary problems are observed, the patient is instructed to use alpha-blockers, which reduce tension in the smooth muscles of the urethra and bladder.
Bacterial prostatitis is often a depressive condition and is accompanied by frequent changes in the patient's mood. In such cases, your doctor may recommend the use of sedatives.
If the disease is severe, the patient needs detoxification treatment, which consists of intravenous administration of a saline solution containing glucose, trace elements and vitamin complexes. It is important for a man to follow a drinking regimen and drink at least 2 liters of clean water a day.
Drug treatment of prostatitis should be aimed at normalizing blood circulation in the pelvic region and increasing the body's defenses. To do this, use:
- Vitamin and mineral complexes.
- Antispasmodics.
- Immunomodulators.
- Biology.
In addition to medication, the doctor will recommend making microclysters with a decoction of herbs (chamomile, calendula). In the case of bacterial prostatitis, the use of topical drugs should be severely limited, as the risk of various complications is high.
After the elimination of the inflammatory process, the patient is prescribed physiotherapy (electrical stimulation of the prostate, magnetotherapy, etc. ). They help speed recovery and are performed in an outpatient setting.
In extreme cases, if the medication does not give the desired result, the doctor may decide to perform surgery. Such an intervention consists of prostate resection and is generally performed in older men. Such treatment is not prescribed to young people due to possible complications (enuresis, impotence, infertility).
If bacterial prostatitis becomes chronic, it is very difficult to treat. Remember, it is no longer possible to do this at home.
Preventive measures
The best way to prevent bacterial prostatitis is an active lifestyle. This is due to the weak blood supply to the pancreas itself. Therefore, sedentary people should take regular breaks for a short walk or special exercises (pulling the anus muscles).
Contrasting shower has a good effect. In this case, a stream of water is directed directly to the perineal region. The duration of use of hot (hot) water should not exceed 30 seconds, cool - 15 seconds. The average duration of the procedure should be 5 minutes.
Preventive measures also include:
- Avoid hypothermia of the body.
- Fight constipation. If you can not get rid of them alone, you should consult a doctor who will prescribe mild laxatives.
- Normalization of sexual activity (choosing a regular partner, using a condom in suspicious contact, avoiding prolonged absence or excessive active sexual intercourse).
- Regular prophylactic examination by a urologist for all men over 40-45 years.
Forecast
What are the consequences of bacterial prostatitis in men? The success of treatment depends on how timely and competently the treatment is prescribed. In addition, it is influenced by the patient's age, lifestyle, stage of the disease and the presence of other diseases of the body.
The acute phase responds well to drug treatment, which significantly improves the man's condition after a few days. However, when left untreated or stopped, prostatitis can become chronic and more difficult to treat.
To prevent the unpleasant consequences of bacterial prostatitis, it is important for a man to monitor his health, follow preventive measures and consult a doctor if there is any discomfort in the perineal area.